Fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment

ABSTRACT

The invention provides a battery equipment and fast recharging station capable to recharge the battery in a very short period of time, due to the new design of the recharging stations, battery chargers, inlets and battery connectors. This new design consists in the use of a plurality of battery power supply units per recharging station, which is capable to connect all these power supply units simultaneously to a battery, via a plurality of battery chargers and inlets. For recharging, the battery has many terminals connected to all power supply units of the station and means to switch it from recharging to supplying mode. Bigger the number of power supply units, shorter is the battery recharging time and smaller the area of the recharging station. May be used for on-board recharging electric vehicles, or off-board recharging battery for bicycles, motor-cycles, portable tools.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a new design of battery equipment and fast recharging station, characterized by a very short battery recharging time, due to a battery capable to be recharged simultaneously by a plurality of power supply units and a plurality of chargers of the same recharging stand. This design may be used in any technical field, especially where a fast battery recharging is required. The invention provides solutions for on-board recharging of permanent attached batteries and for off-board recharging of removable batteries. The invention may be applied as following: in automotive industry for electric vehicles, for electric golf cars, for electric bikes, for electric motorcycles, for cordless tools or equipment, etc.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART

The actual recharging stations for electric vehicles use only one power supply unit of one or three phase AC or one DC power supply unit. With all progress made up to now, the recharging time is still long—minimum 40 minutes. Therefore, one station maximum capability is about 1.3 EV per Hr, which is unsatisfactory, because when the number of EV will increase, the recharging stations productivity is too low and the required space becomes huge. For a recharging station it takes minimum 15 m². For example, for only 13 EV recharged per Hr, it takes about 150 m². This is impossible in the big cities, because this space is not available.

For example, Tesla Model S using the Supercharger at 480V takes 40 minute to 80% recharge on the original 85 Kwh battery, comprising 7104 battery cells and Ford Focus 2017 for its 33.5 Kwh battery, having 430 cells arranged in 86 series and 5 parallel (86S5P) takes 5.5 hours for a charger of 240V and 6.6 Kw. It is a similar situation for the batteries used in other applications like electric golf cars, electric bikes, electric motorcycles, all cordless tools, etc.

TECHNICAL ISSUES

The main issue related to the actual batteries and their recharging stations is the long requested recharging time and the space taken by the recharging stations, which has a negative impact on the vehicles autonomy. For cord less tools, the impact is related to the number of batteries per kit, which increases their price. At this time there is not possible to recharge the electric vehicle battery to any recharging station, due to the lack of standardization.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a battery equipment and fast recharging station capable to recharge the battery in a very short period of time, due to the new design of the recharging stations, battery chargers, inlets and battery connectors. This new design of the batteries recharging stations consists in the use of a plurality of battery power supply units per recharging station, which is capable to connect all these power supply units simultaneously to the same battery, via a plurality of battery chargers and inlets. For recharging, the battery has many terminals connected simultaneously to all these power supply units of the recharging station, and it has means to switch the battery from recharging to supplying mode. Bigger the number of power supply units charging simultaneously the same battery, shorter is the battery recharging time and smaller the area of the recharging station. For example, for electric vehicles using 15 power supply units per recharging station, the required recharging time and space are reduced by a factor of 15. So, for an actual EV requiring 40 minutes to recharge the battery, will be necessary only 2.66 minutes, and for an actual EV requiring 4 hours to recharge the battery, will be necessary only 16 minutes, using the same kind of power supply units. A single recharging station will be able to cover 15 times more EV's per day, equivalent of 15 actual recharging stations. Therefore, the recharging time and in the same time the area occupied by the recharging station and its price is drastically reduced. With this reduction of the battery recharging time, the unlimited autonomy of the electric vehicle is possible to achieve, which is a huge change for the massive use of electric transportation. Similar effect will be obtained for electric golf cars, electric bikes, electric motorcycles, cordless tools or equipment, etc. Depending on the application, this principle may be applied for on- board battery recharging in case of big batteries (electric vehicles, electric golf cars, etc.) or off-board battery recharging for removable small batteries (electric bikes, electric motorcycles, cordless tools or equipment, etc.)

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that this invention may be readily understood, a plurality of embodiments are illustrated by way of examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a wiring diagram of a battery recharging station using a plurality of DC power supply units;

FIG. 2 is a wiring diagram of a battery recharging station using a plurality of one phase AC power supply units;

FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram of a battery recharging station using a plurality of three phase AC power supply units;

FIG. 4 shows a battery structure;

FIG. 5 shows a battery module of the battery in recharging mode;

FIG. 6 shows a battery in supplying mode;

FIG. 7 shows a wiring diagram of a battery triplet having the three modules connected in parallel, working in recharging mode;

FIG. 8 shows a wiring diagram of a battery triplet having the three modules connected in parallel, working in supplying mode;

FIG. 9 shows a wiring diagram of a battery triplet having the three modules connected in series, working in recharging mode;

FIG. 10 shows a wiring diagram of a battery triplet having the three modules connected in series, working in supplying mode;

FIG. 11 is presented the wiring diagram of a battery with its triplets connected in parallel;

FIG. 12 is presented the wiring diagram of a battery with its triplets connected in series;

FIG. 13 is an embodiment of a module having 30 cells connected in series;

FIG. 14 is an embodiment of a battery triplet showing the battery cells connected in series and the wiring diagram for the recharging mode;

FIG. 15 is a wiring diagram of a battery with its five triplets connected in parallel in the supplying mode;

FIG. 16 is an embodiment of a group of 74 battery cells connected in parallel;

FIG. 17 is an embodiment of a module having 6 groups of 74 cells, connected in series;

FIG. 18 is a wiring diagram of a triplet of three modules connected each other in series, in recharging mode;

FIG. 19 is a wiring diagram of a battery with its five triplets connected in series, in supplying mode;

FIG. 20 is an isometric view of the charger having a mistake-proof design for an electric vehicle;

FIG. 21 is a lateral view of a charger with its plug-in coupler male connector of an electric vehicle and a partial cross section of a socket female connector inlet:

FIG. 22 is a recharging station with an underground power station and a recharging stand equipped with two chargers in lateral position;

FIG. 23 is a recharging stand with two chargers in lateral position, recharging a vehicle using rear and front inlet simultaneously;

FIG. 24 is a recharging stand with two chargers in lateral position, recharging simultaneously two vehicles located on both sides of the recharging stand;

FIG. 25 is a recharging station for trucks with trailers, having two recharging stands, one on each side of the truck;

FIG. 26 is a recharging station for trucks with trailers, having a plurality of recharging stands on each side of the truck, each one with a plurality of chargers working simultaneously;

FIG. 27 is a recharging station for buses, having a plurality of recharging stands on each side of the bus, each one with a plurality of chargers working simultaneously;

FIG. 28 is a wiring diagrams of an embodiment for a mode switch circuit in supplying mode;

FIG. 29 is a wiring diagrams of an embodiment for a mode switch circuit in recharging mode;

FIG. 30 is an embodiment of an ordinary non-permanent pair of contacts;

FIG. 31 is a partial cross section of a battery and a contact plate for an embodiment of a non-permanent pair of contacts showing the alignment taper pin and the two contacts having a flat contact surface, with one of them installed on an elastic element;

FIG. 32 is a sketch of an embodiment of a battery with a clamping device on the clamping position;

FIG. 33i is a sketch of an embodiment of a battery with a clamping device on the un-clamping position;

FIG. 34 is a wiring diagram of a removable battery with its recharging plate in recharging mode;

FIG. 35 is a wiring diagram of a removable battery with its supplying plate in supplying mode, having the plurality of modules connected each other in parallel;

FIG. 36 is a wiring diagram of a removable battery with its supplying plate in supplying mode, having the plurality of modules connected each other in series;

FIG. 37 is a wiring diagram for the recharging mode of a removable battery with its on-board & out-board contact plate, having a plurality of battery modules connected in parallel for the supplying mode;

FIG. 38 is a wiring diagram for the supplying mode of a removable battery with its on-board & out-board contact plate, having a plurality of battery modules connected in parallel for the supplying mode;

FIG. 39 is a wiring diagram for the recharging mode of a removable battery with its on-board & out-board contact plate, having a plurality of battery modules connected in series for the supplying mode;

FIG. 40 is a wiring diagram for the supplying mode of a removable battery with its on-board & out-board contact plate, having a plurality of battery modules connected in series for the supplying mode;

FIG. 41 is a wiring diagram for the recharging mode of a removable battery with its on-board & out-board contact plate, having a triplet of battery modules connected in series and a triplet of battery modules connected in parallel for the supplying mode;

FIG. 42 is a wiring diagram for the supplying mode of a removable battery with its on-board & out-board contact plate, having a triplet of battery modules connected in series and a triplet of battery modules connected in parallel for the supplying mode.

FIG. 43 shows an equipment having a single battery inlet;

FIG. 44 shows an equipment with two battery inlets;

FIG. 45 shows an equipment with three battery inlets;

FIG. 46 shows an equipment with four battery inlets;

FIG. 47 is the wiring diagram of a single-inlet equipment in recharging mode;

FIG. 48 is the wiring diagram of a single-inlet equipment in supplying mode;

FIG. 49 is the wiring diagram of a double-inlet equipment with batteries connected in parallel in recharging mode;

FIG. 50 is the wiring diagram of a double-inlet equipment with batteries connected in parallel in supplying mode;

FIG. 51 is the wiring diagram of a four inlet equipment with batteries connected in parallel in recharging mode;

FIG. 52 is the wiring diagram of a four inlet equipment with batteries connected in parallel in supplying mode;

FIG. 53 is the wiring diagram of a double-inlet equipment with batteries connected in series in recharging mode;

FIG. 54 is the wiring diagram of a double-inlet equipment with batteries connected in series in supplying mode;

FIG. 55 is the wiring diagram of a four inlet equipment with batteries connected in series in recharging mode;

FIG. 56 is the wiring diagram of a four inlet equipment with batteries connected in series in supplying mode;

FIG. 57 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment embodiment with two batteries connected in parallel in the recharging mode;

FIG. 58 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment embodiment with two batteries connected in parallel in the supplying mode;

FIG. 59 is the Detail D1 of FIG. 58 showing the command switch of the battery switches dis activated for the battery supplying mode;

FIG. 60 is the Detail D2 of the FIG. 58, showing the command switch of the battery switches activated for the battery recharging mode;

FIG. 61 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment embodiment with two batteries connected in series, in the recharging mode;

FIG. 62 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment embodiment with two batteries connected in series, in the supplying mode;

FIG. 63 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment with four batteries connected in parallel in the recharging mode;

FIG. 64 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment with four batteries connected in parallel in the supplying mode;

FIG. 65 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment with four batteries connected in series in the recharging mode;

FIG. 66 shows a wiring diagram of an equipment with four batteries connected in series in the supplying mode;

FIG. 67 is an isometric view of an inlet of an equipment with one single battery;

FIG. 68 is a front view of an inlet of an equipment with one single battery;

FIG. 69 is a lateral view of a charger and a partial cross section of an ilet having the charger outlet installed on it;

FIG. 70 is the Detail D3 of the FIG. 69 showing a cross section of the engagement of the contacts inlet—charger;

FIG. 71 is the front view of an inlet of a multi-inlet equipment;

FIG. 72 shows a charger plugged in one of the multi-inlets of an multi-battery equipment;

FIG. 73 is a wiring diagram of a battery (6TP,3×6MP) in the supplying mode;

FIG. 74 is a wiring diagram of a battery (6TP,3×6MP) in the recharging mode;

FIG. 75 is shown the Detail D4 of the FIG. 74;

FIG. 76 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches and the modules switches with their command switches;

FIG. 77 is a vertical cross section of the primary inlet and the charger in a plan passing through the plunger of the command switch;

FIG. 78 is an isometric view of the primary inlet;

FIG. 79 is the front view A of a primary inlet;

FIG. 80 shows a view of the charger with its contacts;

FIG. 81 is an isometric view of the charger;

FIG. 82 shows a wiring diagram of the recharging mode of the (6TP,3×6MP) battery using two power supply units of 380V and 50Kw, each;

FIG. 83 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches, the modules switches and their command switches for the (6TP,3×6MP) battery using two power supply units of 380V and 50Kw, each;;

FIG. 84 shows the 20 contacts inlet with its 8 active contacts, using two AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units;

FIG. 85 illustrates the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet, having 8 active contacts, using two AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units;

FIG. 86 is an isometric representation of the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet having 8 active contacts, using two AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units;

FIG. 87 shows a wiring diagram of the recharging mode of the (6TP,3×6MP) battery, using the 20 contacts primary inlet for three AC2,240V,7Kw power supply units;

FIG. 88 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches, the modules switches, the phase switches and their command switches;

FIG. 89 shows the 20 contacts inlet with its 7 active contacts and the four plungers of the command switches;

FIG. 90 illustrates the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet, having 7 active contacts and the two recesses for the command switches plungers;

FIG. 91 is an isometric representation of the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet, having 7 active contacts and two recesses for the command switches plungers;

FIG. 92 is a wiring diagram in the recharging mode of the (6TP,3×6MP) battery, connected to a single

AC2,240V,7Kw power supply unit;

FIG. 93 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches, the modules switches and their command switches;

FIG. 94 shows the 20 contacts inlet with its 3 active contacts and the two plungers of the command switches;

FIG. 95 illustrates the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet, having 3 active contacts and the two recesses for the command switches plungers;

FIG. 96 is an isometric representation of the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet, having 3 active contacts and two recesses for the command switches plungers;

FIG. 97 is a wiring diagram of the recharging mode of the same (6TP,3×6MP) battery using a single mono-phase AC1,120V,2.7Kw power supply unit;

FIG. 98 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches, the modules switches and their two command switches;

FIG. 99 shows the 20 contacts inlet with its 3 active contacts and the two plungers of the command switches;

FIG. 100 illustrates the charger Ming with the 20 contacts inlet, having 3 active contacts and the two recesses for the command switches plungers;

FIG. 101 is an isometric representation of the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet, having 3 active contacts and two recesses for the command switches plungers;

FIG. 102 is an example of a 20 contacts universal vehicle inlet;

FIG. 103 illustrates a wiring diagram for supplying mode of an electric vehicle battery, composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, having a unique supplying terminal;

FIG. 104 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery, composed by two assemblies, each of them comprising a (6TP,3×6MP) battery, connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet;

FIG. 105 shows the wiring diagram for the recharging mode of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries, where are illustrated as well the triplets switches, the module switch, the battery switches and the phase switches with their command switches;

FIG. 106 shows a charger with its 6 active contacts, and a recess, protecting the command switch for the phase switches;

FIG. 107 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, using an industrial regular recharging station with two AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units;

FIG. 108 shows the wiring diagram of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, using an industrial regular recharging station with two AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units;

FIG. 109 presents a universal vehicle inlet, having 8 active the contacts and the 5 plungers of the command switches;

FIG. 110 shows a charger with its 8 active contacts and the three recesses;

FIG. 111 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery, composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, each of them using a domestic fast recharging station with three AC2,240V,7Kw power supply units;

FIG. 112 shows the wiring diagram of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, each of them using a domestic fast recharging station with three AC2,240V,7Kw power supply units, where are illustrated as well the triplets switches, the module switches, the battery switches and the phase switches with their command switches;

FIG. 113 presents a universal vehicle inlet having 7 active contacts and the 5 plunger of the command switches;

FIG. 114 shows a charger with its 7 active contacts and the two recesses;

FIG. 115 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, using a domestic fast recharging station with one single AC2,240V,7Kw power supply unit;

FIG. 116 shows a wiring diagram of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, using a domestic fast recharging station with one single AC2,240V,7Kw power supply unit, where are illustrated the triplets switches, the module switches, the battery switches and the phase switches with their command switches;

FIG. 117 presents a universal vehicle inlet having only 3 active contacts and the 5 plungers of the command switches;

FIG. 118 shows a charger with its 3 active contacts and the three recesses;

FIG. 119 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, using a domestic slow recharging station with one single AC1,120V,2.7Kw power supply unit;

FIG. 120 shows the wiring diagram of an embodiment of an electric vehicle battery composed by two (6TP,3 ×6MP) batteries connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet, using a domestic slow recharging station with one single AC1,120V,2.7Kw power supply unit where are illustrated as well the triplets switches, the module switches, the battery switches and the phase switches with their command switches;

FIG. 121 presents a universal vehicle inlet having only 3 active contacts and the 5 plungers of the command switches;

FIG. 122 shows a charger with its 3 active contacts and the four recesses;

FIG. 123 shows a slow battery recharging equipment with its charger connected to a power supply unit, plugged into a 120V outlet.

FIG. 124 shows two chargers, charging simultaneously an electric vehicle having double inlet and plugging in the two plugs of the recharging station in a double 120V outlet;

FIG. 125 presents a fast battery recharging equipment, where the charger is connected to a power supply unit, which supplies 240V at 7 Kw, being plugged into an AC 2 phase 240V outlet;

FIG. 126 shows two chargers, charging simultaneously an electric vehicle having double inlet and plugging in the two plugs of the recharging station in a double 240V outlet;

FIG. 127 shows a four contacts bar of AC 1 Phase 120V, used to plug in a battery recharging station;

FIG. 128 shows a six contacts bar of AC 1 Phase 120V, used to plug in a battery recharging station;

FIG. 129 shows a four contacts bar of AC 2 Phase 240V, used to plug in a battery recharging station;

FIG. 130 shows an embodiment of the integrated battery recharging system ensemble in recharging mode, for four AC 1phase 120V units, connected to a four contacts electrical bar;

FIG. 131 is the power station inlet view of a four contacts bar of AC 1 Phase 120V;

FIG. 132 shows the integrated recharging station of a four power supply units assembly of AC 1 Phase 120Vh;

FIG. 133 shows a battery assembly comprising four modules, four pairs of electrical contacts, attaching elements and a battery box;

FIG. 134 shows an embodiment of a battery assembly in supplying mode, where the battery assembly is attached to an equipment via an attaching system and a supplying contact plate;

FIG. 135 shows an embodiment of an equipment integrated with a supplying contact plate with its elastic contacts and a battery attachment element;

FIG. 136 shows an embodiment of an integrated battery recharging system ensemble, in recharging mode, for six AC 1 phase 120V units, powered by four contacts electrical bar, via an integrated supplying station;

FIG. 137 shows an embodiment of an integrated battery recharging system ensemble in recharging mode, for four AC 2 phase 240V units, connected to a four contacts electrical bar;

FIG. 138 is the power station inlet view, showing the four pairs of plugs for phase 1 and for phase 2, of the four AC 2 phase 240V power units;

FIG. 139 is a wiring diagram of a four modules off-board battery assembly connected in parallel, shown in recharging mode, using a recharging contact plate, four power supply units, each one connected directly to a AC 1 phase 120V power supply unit;

FIG. 140 shows the four modules off-board battery assembly, in supplying mode, being connected in parallel and connected to an equipment via a supplying contact plate;

FIG. 141 shows the four modules off-board battery assembly, in supplying mode, being connected in series and connected to an equipment via a supplying contact plate;

FIG.142 is a wiring diagram of a six modules off-board battery assembly in recharging mode, connected in parallel, using a recharging contact plate 835, six power supply units, each module being connected directly to a AC 1 phase 120V power supply unit;

FIG. 143 shows a six modules off-board battery assembly, in supplying mode, being connected in series and connected to an equipment via a supplying contact plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention relates to a battery equipment and fast recharging station capable to recharge battery in a very short period of time. This new design comprises a battery divided in a plurality of battery modules, a battery recharging stations with a plurality of power supply units recharging simultaneously the same battery (each negative output of the power supply units being connected to a single battery module), a plurality of battery chargers and inlets, and electric/electronic means. The advantage consists in a drastic reduction of the total battery recharging time, increasing the performance of the battery recharging station in the same proportion. This invention may be applied to any kind of electric vehicles like electric bikes, electric motorcycles, electric cars, SUV's, light trucks, trucks, heavy trucks, buses, etc. It is possible to be applied to cordless tools and equipment as well. By a superior efficiency of the battery recharging station, the number of the vehicles served per day increases and in the same time the area of the land occupied by the station is reduced proportionally. Bigger the number of power supply units per recharging station, shorter is the battery recharging time and smaller the area of the recharging station. For the same efficiency, (same number of vehicles recharged per day) the price of the recharging station will be drastically reduced. For example, using 15 negative inputs per battery (coming from 15 power supply units—1 phase AC or DC—or from 5 power supply units of 3 phase AC) the required recharging time and space are reduced by a factor of 15. So, for example, for an EV requiring 40 minutes to recharge the battery with the actual equipment, it will be necessary only 2.66 minutes for full recharge using the new equipment. Also, a single recharging station will be able to cover 15 times more EV's per day, equivalent of 15 actual recharging stations, occupying a land 15 times smaller, which is a great advantage in the big cities where the space is very precious. Depending on which kind of power supply units are used, DC or AC, the number of the power supply units may be different for the same performance of the recharging station. A three phase AC power supply units is approximately equivalent with three DC power supply units or 3 one phase AC. Therefore, taking the same example, in order to cover 15 outputs (for 15 inputs of the battery) will be necessary 15 DC or 15 one phase AC power supply units or only 5 three phase AC power supply units per recharging station. Each charger and vehicle inlet will have one single null (+) terminal, one protective earth terminal, and 15 negative (−) terminals, for a total of 17 terminals.

In FIG. 1 is illustrated the electrical wiring diagram of a battery recharging station using a plurality of DC power supply units, comprising a power station 1 powered by 120V, connected to the power grid 2. The power station 1 has “n” DC pairs of outputs (+) and (−), powering the “n” power supply units 3. The “n” negative outputs of the “n” power supply units 3 are connected to a charger 4, having the “n” negative (−) terminals 5, a single null (+) 6 and one protective earth terminal 7. In FIG. 2 is illustrated the electrical wiring diagram of a battery recharging station using a plurality of one phase AC power supply units 8, comprising a power station 9 powered by 240V having “n” one phase AC pairs of outputs (+) and (−), powering the “n” power supply units 8 and which is connected to the power grid 10. The “n” outputs of the “n” power supply units 8 are connected to a charger 11, having the “n” negative (−) terminals 12, a single null (+) 13 and one protective earth terminal 14. In FIG. 3 is llustrated the electrical wiring diagram of a battery recharging station using a plurality of three phase AC power supply units 15, powered by a power station 16 of 380V or more, connected to the power grid 17. This power station 16 has “n” negative AC triplets of outputs and “n” positive terminals, powering the “n” three phase AC power supply units 15. The “n” negative triplets of outputs and one single positive (+) output of the “n” power supply units 15 are connected to a charger 18, having the “n” negative (−) triplets of terminals 19, a single null (+) 20 and one protective earth terminal 21. So, the advantages to use the three phase AC power supply units consists in a reduced number of power supply units (one third of the number of DC or one phase AC power supply units), reducing the cost and the space occupied by the recharging station. For any power supply units (DC or AC), the charger has a plurality of terminals, which have to be connected to the plurality of battery modules. The batteries are working in two modes: recharging mode, using the battery input terminals and supplying mode, using the battery output terminals. For recharging mode, the battery has to have an equal number of input terminals with the number of charger output terminals, but in supplying mode the battery has to have only two output terminals connected to the vehicle motor via the inverter. In FIG. 4 is shown the battery structure, comprising a plurality of battery cells 22 connected each other in parallel 23, or in series 24, creating a battery module 25, each battery module having two terminals: one (+) 26 and one (−) 27. Each battery is acting in two different modes: recharging mode and supplying mode. In recharging mode each battery module has to be connected to one output terminal of the power supply unit, via the battery charger. For supplying mode, each battery module has to be connected each other and all connected to only one positive (+) terminal 28 and to one single negative (−) terminal 29. In FIG. 5 is shown a battery module 30 of the battery 31 in recharging mode, where it is connected by its input terminals 32 and 33 to the output terminals 34 and 35 of the power supply unit 36. In FIG. 6 is shown the battery 37 in supplying mode, having connected its two output terminals 38 and 39 to the input terminals 40 and 41 of the motor 42, via the inverter 43.

This principle may be applied to on-board or off-board battery recharging.

On-board battery recharging means that the battery is recharged on the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment without removing the battery. Characteristic of on-board battery recharging consists in the fact that it is applied to big and heavy batteries, with difficult manoeuvring capability and the battery is working in the recharging and the supplying mode in the same unique set-up, being permanently attached.

Off-board battery recharging means that the battery is recharged outside of the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment. It is applied to removable batteries. Characteristic of off-board battery recharging consists in the fact that it is applied to small and light batteries, with easy manoeuvring capability, when the battery is not permanently attached to the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment and the battery is working in the recharging mode outside of the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment and on the supplying mode on the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment. Therefore, the battery may have different set-ups and separate electric circuits during the recharging and supplying time. In order to be easily removed, the removable batteries have contacts not permanently attached to the power supply units and either to the consumer, and the batteries are very quickly attached, by a clamping device.

On-board and off-board battery recharging capability means that the battery may be recharged on or out of the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment. In order to have this capability, the batteries have to be removable, easy maneuverings, contacts non-permanent attached, two separate electric circuits for recharging and supplying mode and use a contact plate with elastic contacts—capable to take the dimensional variation for a good contact. The batteries are attached to the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment very quickly by a clamping device via a contact plate.

The on-board battery recharging consists in the use of the battery in both modes—recharging and supplying mode, in the same set-up, meaning that the battery has to be connected to the battery charger by its plurality of input terminals and to the two battery supplying terminals. Therefore, the two circuits are completely different and consequently they should be separated, and use only one at a time. This is one of the more important difference between the actual battery design and the new design proposed by this invention for on-board battery recharging. Each power supply unit of three phase AC is connected to three battery modules having one single commune positive (+) input terminal and three distinct negative (−) input terminals, forming a battery triplet. The modules inside of a triplet may be connected in parallel or in series, depending on the automaker requirements. A battery triplet having the three modules connected in parallel, working in both modes (recharging and supplying mode) has the wiring diagram like in FIG. 7 and in FIG. 8. As can be seen, for the battery triplet 44, each battery module 45, 46 and 47 has two terminals (one positive (+) 48, 49 and 50 and one negative (−), 51, 52 and 53). In FIG. 7 is shown the wiring diagram for the recharging mode, where can be seen the power supply unit 54 (three phase AC) with the four terminals one positive 55 and three negative 56, 57 and 58, the charger 59 connected to the inlet 60, (by the four connectors 61, 62, 63 and 64). The power supply unit 54 powers, via the charger 59 and the inlet 60, each of the three modules 45, 46 and 47 of the triplet 44. The three modules have a commune positive input from connector 61 and three negative inputs coming from the negative connectors 62, 63 and 64. The switches 65 and 66 are on open position. In this way each module is direct powered by each phase of the power supply unit 54. In FIG. 8 is shown the wiring diagram of the same triplet 44, for the supplying mode, where the power supply unit is disconnected and the triplet 44 has the three modules 45, 46 and 47 connected in parallel by closing the switches 65 and 66. The terminals 48 (+) and 53 (−) become the positive and negative terminals of the triplet, which will serve to connect this triplet 44 to other triplets of the battery. Therefore, for each triplet of the battery with the three modules connected in parallel two switches are requested: one on each negative cable connecting the middle module to the other two modules of the same triplet. A battery triplet having the three modules connected in series, working in both modes (recharging and supplying mode) has the wiring diagram like in FIG. 9 and in FIG. 10. As can be seen, each battery module 68, 69 and 70, of the battery triplet 67, has two terminals (one positive (+) 71, 72 and 73 and one negative (−), 74, 75 and 76). In FIG. 9 is shown the wiring diagram for the recharging mode, where can be seen the power supply unit 77 (three phase AC) with the four terminals—one positive 78 and three negative 79, 80 and 81, the charger 82 connected to the inlet 83, (with the four connectors 84, 85, 86 and 87). The power supply unit 77 powers each of the three modules 68, 69 and 70 of the triplet 67 via the charger 82 and the inlet 83. The three modules have a commune positive input from connector 84 and each of the three negative inputs coming from the negative connectors 85, 86 and 87. The changeover switches 88 and 89 are closed on a₁ and a₂ position. In this way each module is direct powered by each phase of the power supply unit 77. In FIG. 10 is shown the wiring diagram of the same triplet 67 for the supplying mode, where the power supply unit is disconnected and the triplet 67 has the three modules 68, 69 and 70 connected in series by closing the changeover switches 88 and 89 on b₁ and b₂ position. The terminals 71 (+) and 76 (−) become the triplet positive and negative terminals, which will serve to connect this triplet 67 to other triplets of the battery. Therefore, for each triplet of the battery with the three modules connected in series two changeover switches are requested: one on each negative cable, connecting the middle module to the other two modules of the same triplet. For example, depending on the preferred embodiments of different automakers, for electric vehicles, the switches 65 and 66 (FIG. 7 and FIG. 8) and the changeover switches 88 and 89 (FIG. 9 and FIG. 10) may be installed outside of the battery box anywhere on the electric vehicle or even inside of the battery box. These switches and changeover switches may be as well an electronic device with the same functionality.

In FIG. 11 is presented the wiring diagram of a battery 90 in supplying mode, with its triplets 91 connected in parallel, having all the switches 92 on the close position. In recharging mode all the switches 92 are on the open position. In FIG. 12 is presented the wiring diagram of a battery 93 with its triplets 94 connected in series, in supplying mode with all the changeover switches 95 on b₁, b₂, . . . b_(n) position. In recharging mode all the changeover switches 95 are on a₁, a₂, . . . a_(n) position.

Considering two actual electric vehicles cases (case 1 and case 2) in FIG. 13 to FIG. 19 are presented the wiring diagrams for two potential embodiments applying this principle. In the actual case 1, the 33.5 Kwh battery contains 430 cells grouped in 5 modules connected in parallel, each module containing 86 cells, connected in series (86S,5P). The actual recharging time for 80% recharge of this battery is about 5.5 hours by using the actual recharging station of 240V at 6.6 Kw. In the actual case 2, the battery of 85 Kwh contains 7104 cells in 16 modules wired in series. Each module contains 6 groups of 74 cells wired in parallel; the 6 groups are than wired in series within the module. By using a Supercharger of 480V and about 22 KW, the recharging time for 80% battery recharge is about 40 minutes.

Using three phase AC power supply units and applying the principle described in this invention, opponent to case 1, in FIG. 13 to FIG. 15 is shown a battery comprising a total of 450 cells grouped in 5 triplets connected in parallel, each triplet comprising 3 modules connected in series and each module comprising 30 cells connected in series (305,35,5P). In FIG. 13 is shown an embodiment of a module 96 having 30 cells 97 connected in series, having the positive terminal (+) 98 and the negative terminal (−) 99. In FIG. 14 is illustrated a triplet 100 comprising three modules 101, 102 and 103 like the module described here above in recharging mode, all three modules connected each other in series like in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, using the changeover switches 104 and 105, and the power supply unit 106, powering the triplet 100 via the partial charger 107 and the partial vehicle inlet 108. The triplet 100 has a positive terminal 109 and a negative terminal 110, used to be connected to other triplets of the battery. For the battery recharging mode the charger 107 is connected to the vehicle inlet 108 and the changeover switches 104 and 105 are on a₁ and on a₂ position. For the battery supplying mode the charger 107 is detached and the changeover switches are on b₁ and on b₂ position. In FIG. 15 is shown the battery 111 in supplying mode, with its five triplets 112 connected in parallel like in FIG. 11, using four switches 113. By applying this approach, the recharging time may be reduced by a factor of 15 meaning 22 minutes instead of 5.5 hours using 6.6Kw power units. More than that, if the recharging time is not satisfactory, it can be cut on two by splitting the battery in two, respecting the overall battery cells connections and use simultaneously two chargers of the same stations, having two vehicle inlets. In this way the recharging time is cut in two, taking only 11 minutes for battery recharging. If this time is not satisfactory, a third charger may be used, cutting the recharging time in tree, at 7.33 minute per recharge, which is reasonable and close to the actual time for refill the IC vehicles with gas. Also, the recharging time may be reduced by using more powerful power units, up to 500V and 50KW. All these possibilities are open.

Using three phase AC power supply units and applying the principle described in this invention, opponent to case 2, in FIG. 16 to FIG. 19 is shown a battery comprising a total of 6750 cells grouped in 5 triplets connected in series, each triplet comprising 3 modules connected in series, each module comprising 6 groups connected in series, each group having 75 cells connected in parallel (75P6S,3S,5S). In FIG. 16 is presented an embodiment of a group 114 of 75 battery cells 115 connected in parallel, having a positive terminal 116 and a negative terminal 117. In FIG. 17 is shown a module 118 having 6 groups 119 (of 75 cells), connected in series, having the positive terminal (+) 120 and the negative terminal (−) 121. In FIG. 18 is illustrated a triplet 122 in recharging mode, comprising three modules 123, 124 and 125 like the module described here above, all three connected each other in series like in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, using the changeover switches 126 and 127 and the power supply unit 128, powering the triplet 122 via the partial charger 129 and the partial vehicle inlet 130. The triplet 122 has a positive terminal 131 and a negative terminal 132, used to be connected to other triplets of the battery. For the battery recharging mode the charger 129 is connected to the vehicle inlet 130 and the changeover switches 126 and 127 are on a_(i) and on a_(j) position. For the battery supplying mode the charger 129 is detached and the changeover switches 126 and 127 are on b_(i) and on b_(j) position. In FIG. 19 is shown the battery 133 with its five triplets 134 connected in series like in FIG. 12, using four changeover switches 135. For the battery recharging mode the charger 136 is connected to the vehicle inlet 137 and the changeover switches 135 are on a position. For the battery supplying mode the charger 136 is detached and the changeover switches are on b position. By applying this approach, for case 2, the recharging time may be reduced by a factor of 15 meaning 2.66 minutes instead of 40 minutes. More than that, if the recharging time is not satisfactory, it can be cut on two by splitting the battery in two, respecting the overall battery cells connections and use simultaneously two chargers of the same stations, having two vehicle inlets. In this way the recharging time is cut in two, taking only 1.3 minutes for battery recharging. If this time is not satisfactory, a third charger may be used, cutting the recharging time in tree, at 0.7 minutes per recharge, which is very short battery recharging time, even better than the actual time for refill the IC vehicles with gas. For both cases, another possibility to reduce the recharging time again, is to increase the number of power supply units from 5 to 6 or 7, any number. The number of the power supply units has to be established based on an optimization algorithm, taking into consideration its cost over the time reduction.

For electric vehicles on-board battery recharging, the charger has one positive output terminal, one protective earth terminal and a plurality of negative output terminals, one for each battery module. A mistake-proof design of a charger for an electric vehicle battery and recharging station may be as shown in FIG. 20, FIG. 21 and FIG. 22. The plug-in coupler male connector 138 of the charger 139 may be a trapezoidal shape, capable to accommodate a plurality of negative output terminals 140, one positive terminal 141 and one protective earth terminal 142, see FIG. 20. In order to easy instal the charger plug-in coupler male connector 138 into the electric vehicle socket female connector inlet 143, (FIG. 21), the charger 139 may have two handles: one in the cable direction and another one 145 perpendicular on the first handle, making possible two hands maneuverings. The handle on the cable direction may be around the cables 146, like the handle 144 of FIG. 20 or detached of the cables like in FIG. 21. In FIG. 22 is shown an underground power station 148, preparing the grid AC for the recharging station 149, which has a plurality of power supply units 150 in the lower portion of the recharging stand 151. The recharging stand 151 of a recharging station 149 is equipped with a communication screen 152 and with two chargers 153 and 154 located in the lateral position of the station. This charger lateral position gives the possibility to recharge the vehicle 155 using rear and front inlet 156 and 157 simultaneously like in FIG. 23. This version of recharging stand, having lateral chargers, may be very useful also by recharging two vehicles 158 and 159 in the same time, placed in parallel on both sides of the recharging stand 160, see FIG. 24. This solution using a plurality of chargers per recharging stand opens the door to reasonable recharging time for electric trucks and buses or any kind of electric heavy vehicle. In FIG. 25 is shown a truck 161 and a trailer 162 being recharged in a recharging station having two recharging stands 163 and 164, one on each side of the truck 161, and each one with two chargers 165, working simultaneously. In this case, if each battery has 15 modules, the recharging time for the 4 batteries installed on the truck 161 is reduced by a factor of 15 * 4=60. Therefore, a truck which need at least 20 hours to be recharged with the actual technology, will be recharged in only 20 minutes in the future, by using the proposed invention. In order to increase the trucks autonomy, batteries may be located as well on the trailer, underneath of its platform. In this case, for trucks with trailers may be a recharging station like in FIG. 26, having a plurality of recharging stands 166, each one with a plurality of chargers 167. In this case, if each battery has 15 modules, the recharging time for the 8 batteries installed on the truck and the trailer is reduced by a factor of 15*8=120. Therefore, a truck which needs at least 20 hours to be recharged with the actual technology, will be recharged in only 10 minutes in the future, by using the proposed invention. The same thing for buses, shown in FIG. 27. Imagine for a bus recharged at two stands on each side, having two chargers each, instead of 20 hours it will be recharged in 10 minutes. This is possible using ordinary recharging station in the future because due to their long distance between the vehicle inlets, the long trucks and long buses may use two ordinary stands on each side, like in FIG. 26 and FIG. 27.The limits are just a question of optimization, not a technical problem anymore.

To control the recharging mode and the supplying mode of the battery, a command switch may be installed into the vehicle inlet. This command switch is on a normal open position for the supplying mode. All switches and changeover switches of the battery are kept on the wright position (for supplying mode) by compression springs controlling these switches. When the vehicle is in the recharging station, and a charger will be introduced with its charging plug-in coupler male connector into the vehicle socket female connector inlet, for recharging the battery, the command switch is activated by the charger and it will be changed on the on position activating the electromagnets of all battery switches and changeover switches, changing the battery status on the recharging mode. When the charger is taken out of the vehicle inlet, the command switch is dis-activated and all the battery switches and changeover switches are changed on the supplying mode again. In FIG. 28 and in FIG. 29 are illustrated the wiring diagrams of an embodiment applying the principle described here before for a command switch circuit. In FIG. 28 for the supplying mode, the command switch 168 located into the vehicle inlet 169 is on normal open position, activated by the compression spring 170. All the switches 171 are on the position for supplying mode activated by the compression spring 172 and all the changeover switches 173 are on the a_(i) position for supplying mode, activated by the compression spring 174. When the charger 175 will be introduced with its charging plug-in coupler male connector 176 into the vehicle socket female connector inlet 169, see FIG. 29, the plunger 177 of the command switch 168 is pushed against the compression spring 170, via a compression spring 178 (which is stronger than the compression spring 170 to ensure a good contact and to take over the dimensional variations) and the contact 179 of the mode switch is turned on, activating the electromagnet 180 which pushes the compression spring 172 turning off the switches 171 for recharging mode, and activating the electromagnet 181 of the changeover switches 173, which pushes the compression spring 174 and turns all changeover switches 173 on the b_(i) position for recharging mode.

The batteries discussed herein may have different embodiments depending on the kind of their battery cells, their modules and their attachment on the electric vehicle. For the batteries permanently attached on the vehicle, the actual configuration of different manufacturers may be used. The only difference is related to the wiring diagram, which has to introduce some switches or changeover switches discussed herein.

This principle may be applied to on-board or off-board battery recharging.

The off-board battery recharging consists in the use of a removable battery, which has a reasonable or easy manoeuvrability and may be taken out or put in, in a very short time. This kind of battery recharging is very appropriate for the bikes, scooters, tools, etc. For electric cars, SUV's, trucks etc, the batteries have to be easy accessible. A possibility is to use electric vehicles described in the USA patent application 16/190,038 per Nov. 13, 2018, where the batteries are installed on the electric vehicles inside of a plurality of battery drawers. Each drawer contains a plurality of modules of battery cells, each module having two external terminals, one positive (+) and one negative (−). In this case, when the battery has to be recharged, it is taken out of the vehicle and changed by a full battery. For the driver, the “battery recharging time” in this case is in fact a “battery changing time”. The charger is designed in a way to allow a very easy battery installation by simple battery deposition on a recharging plate, due to the use of battery contacts non-permanent attached to the electric vehicle. As it was discussed before, taking into consideration the plurality of power supply units and the plurality of battery modules, in order to obtain a good electric contact between the battery terminals and the power supply units or vehicle/cordless tool/equipment contacts, one of the contacts of each pair of contacts has to be an elastic contact capable to take the dimensional variation. In FIG. 30 is shown an embodiment of an ordinary pair of contacts non-permanent attached, having a female type of socket 182 and a male type of plug-in connector 183. The elastic element in this design is the socket 182. This kind of contacts may be used for small batteries, used for example for bikes, cordless tools, etc. Another embodiment for this non-permanent pair of contacts may be like in FIG. 31, where the two contacts 184 and 185 have a flat contact surface and one of them is installed on an elastic element 186. In this cases it is necessary to use some alignment elements in order to make sure the contacts of the battery 187 and the contact plate 188 fit each other. These alignment elements are two conical pins 189, which go into the conical holes 190 of the battery 187. Using the kind of contacts like in FIG. 31, the battery has to be attached to the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment very quickly by a clamping device 191, like in FIG. 32. The battery 192 is kept in place by a clamping device 191, which is in this embodiment an articulated clamping mechanism comprising a clamping arm 193, which acts on a shoulder 194 of the battery 192 activated by a compression spring 195. By the handle 196 the clamping device is opened and the battery will be set free to be taken out, see FIG. 33.

The removable batteries in the recharging mode are connected to the power supplying units via a recharging contact plate and in supplying mode they are connected to the vehicle/cordless tool/equipment via a supplying contact plate. In FIG. 34 is illustrated the wiring diagram of a removable battery 197 in recharging mode, having a plurality of modules 198 each module with a positive terminal 199 and a negative terminal 200, fitting with the respective contacts of the recharging contact plate 201, which is connected to a plurality of power supply units 202, via the charger 203. The power supply units are powered by the power station 204, which has the positive terminal 205 and the negative terminal 206. The power station may be one phase AC 120V or two phase AC 240V, or three phase AC 380V. Also, the power supply units may be one phase AC, or DC or three phase AC. For the following embodiments the power supply units will be considered one phase AC. As can be seen, each module 198 of the battery 197 is connected to one positive terminal 207 of one power supply unit 202 and to the negative terminal 208 of each power supply unit, via the recharging contact plate 201 and the charger 203. In FIG. 35 is shown the same battery 209 having a plurality of modules 210 connected each other in parallel, in supplying mode, using a supplying plate 213. As can be seen, the charger is disconnected and all modules are connected in parallel to the positive terminal 212 and to the negative terminal 211 of the battery 209, located on the supplying plate 213. In FIG. 36 is shown the same battery 214 having the plurality of modules 215 connected each other in series, in supplying mode. As can be seen, the charger is disconnected and all modules are connected in series each other. The negative terminal 216 and the positive terminal 217 of the battery 214 are located on the supplying contact plate 218. Consequently, for off-board battery recharging it is necessary one recharging contact plate which is connected to the plurality of power supply units and to the plurality of battery modules, realizing the direct connection between the powers supply units and the battery modules, and two different supplying contact plates, one for battery modules connected in parallel and another one for the battery modules connected in series. If it is required another kind of connections of the battery modules (a mix one) the supplying plate has to be adapted for these requirements. All the connections are made into the supplying contact plate, and the supplying terminals of the battery are installed on the supplying contact plate.

In case when the removable battery is used in both situations—on-board and off-board recharging, the recharging contact plate and the supplying contact plate has to be designed accordingly. Therefore, in FIG. 37 is illustrated the wiring diagram for the recharging mode of a battery 219 having a plurality of battery modules 220 connected in parallel for the supplying mode. Each module having a positive terminal 221 and a negative terminal 222 is connected with its positive terminal to one single positive terminal 223 of one power supply unit 224 and with its negative terminal to each negative terminal 225 of each power supply unit 226 via the contact plate 227 and the charger 228. Each power supply unit is connected to the power station 229, which has the positive terminal 230 and the negative terminal 231 connected to the electrical grid, (one phase AC). On the negative circuit the switches 232 are used. In order to separate the modules each other during the recharging time, these switches 232 are on open position. Like is illustrated in FIG. 38, for supplying mode, the same contact plate 233 may be used for the battery 234, having the modules 235 connected in parallel. The charger is disconnected and the switches 236 are on on position, closing the negative circuit and connecting in parallel all battery modules 235. The supplying terminals 237 and 238 of the battery 234 are installed on the contact plate 233. In FIG. 39 is illustrated the wiring diagram for the recharging mode of a battery 239 having a plurality of battery modules 240 connected in series for the supplying mode. Each module having a positive terminal 241 and a negative terminal 242 is connected with its positive terminal to one single positive terminal 243 of one power supply unit 244 and with its negative terminal to each negative terminal 245 of each power supply unit 246 via the contact plate 247 and the charger 248. Each power supply unit is connected to the power station 249, having the positive terminal 250 and the negative terminal 251 connected to the electrical grid, (one phase AC). On the positive circuit of the modules the changeover switches 252 are used. In order to separate the modules each other during the recharging time, these changeover switches 252 are on a_(i) position. Like is illustrated in FIG. 40, for supplying mode, the same contacting plate 253 may be used for the battery 254, having the modules 255 connected in series. The charger is disconnected and the switches 256 are on b_(i) position, closing the circuit and connecting in series all battery modules 255. The supplying terminals 257 and 258 of the battery 254 are installed on the contact plate 253. In FIG. 41 is illustrated the wiring diagram for the recharging mode of a battery 259 having a plurality of battery modules 260, 261 and 262 connected in series and 263, 264 and 265 connected in parallel, in supplying mode. Each module, having a positive terminal 266 and a negative terminal 267, is connected with its positive terminal to one single positive terminal 268 of one power supply unit 269 and with its negative terminal to each negative terminal 270 of each power supply unit 271 via the contact plate 272 and the charger 273. Each power supply unit is connected to the power station 274, which has the positive terminal 275 and the negative terminal 276 connected to the electrical grid, (one phase AC). On the positive circuit of the modules 260, 261 and 262, the changeover switches 277 are used, and on the negative circuit of the modules 263, 264 and 265, the switches 278 are used. In order to separate the modules each other during the recharging time, these changeover switches 277 are on a_(i) position and the switches 278 are on open position. Like is illustrated in FIG. 42, the same contact plate 279 may be used for the battery 280, having the modules 281, 282 and 283 connected in series and 284, 285 and 286 connected in parallel, when it is working in the supplying mode. The charger is disconnected and the changeover switches 287 are on b_(i) position, closing the circuit and connecting in series the battery modules 281, 282 and 283 and the switches 288 are on closed position, connecting in parallel the battery modules 284, 285 and 286. The supplying terminals 289 and 290 of the battery 280 are installed on the contact plate 279. When the removable battery is used in both situations—on-board and off-board recharging, one single contacting plate is used as an on-board recharging plate as well as a supplying plate. Depending on the battery modules connection to each other, for parallel connection is necessary to have a plurality of ordinary switches and for series connection is necessary to have a plurality of changeover switches. These switches and changeover switches may be installed outside or inside of the contact plate.

Up to here it was described in detail the principle and the embodiments for high performance recharging stations for on-board and off-board version, aiming the shortest recharging time possible to achieve.

These principles may be applied to a variety of applications, each one requiring specific characteristics, depending on a plurality of factors such as: electrical parameters, price, recharging time, location, size of the equipment, etc. Each solution is defined by the type of the equipment, the type of battery and its wiring diagram, the type of power supply units, the type of charging station and the type of charger. In Table 1 to Table 4 is presented a synthesis of potential solutions with their characteristics and the explicative drawings associated to a variety of embodiments for the battery recharging system. A battery recharging system comprises the battery assembly, the equipment battery inlet, the battery charger with its charger outlet, the recharging station with its power supply units. Depending on the chosen version of each component, the design of the battery recharging system is different as following:

In Table 1 are illustrated two types of equipment based on the number of inlets. For a multi-inlet equipment, the battery is the ensemble of the batteries installed, each one having its own inlet. For the multi-inlet equipment the batteries may be inter-connected in series or in parallel. Specific to this design is the fact that in the recharging mode the batteries have to be disconnected each other and in supplying mode they have to be connected to a unique terminal. This is realized by a plurality of battery switches, which may be changeover switches for series and ordinary switches for parallel batteries connection. In FIG. 43 is shown an equipment 291 having a single battery inlet 292.

TABLE 1 Equipment Equip. INLETS Batteries Equip. Batteries Battery Switches Type Code Number Number INLETS Connection Number Type Single-inlet 1IN 1 1 FIG. 43 N/A N/A N/A Multi-inlet 2IN 2 2 FIG. 44 Parallel 1 Ordinary 2IN 2 2 Series 1 Changeover 3IN 3 3 FIG. 45 Parallel 2 Ordinary 3IN 3 3 Series 2 Changeover 4IN 4 4 FIG. 46 Parallel 3 Ordinary 4IN 4 4 Series 3 Changeover Equipment Wiring diagram Embodiment Equip. Charger Type Recharge Supply Recharge Supply INLET OUTLET Single-inlet FIG. 47 FIG. 48 FIG. 67 & FIG. 69 FIG. 68 Multi-inlet FIG. 49 FIG. 50 FIG. 57 FIG. 58 FIG. 71 FIG. 72 FIG. 53 FIG. 54 FIG. 61 FIG. 62 FIG. 51 FIG. 52 FIG. 63 FIG. 64 FIG. 55 FIG. 56 FIG. 65 FIG. 66

FIG. 44 shows an equipment 293 with two battery inlets 294 and 295. FIG. 45 shows an equipment 296 with three battery inlets 297, 298 and 299. FIG. 46 shows an equipment 300 with four battery inlets 301, 302, 303 and 304. In FIG. 47 to FIG. 56 are presented wiring diagrams of different configurations in recharging and in supplying mode, as following: FIG. 47 is the wiring diagram of a single-inlet equipment with a battery 305 and a single inlet 306 shown in recharging mode, having a charger 307 installed into the inlet 306. FIG. 48 is the wiring diagram in supplying mode of the same equipment presented in FIG. 47, having the terminal 309. FIG. 49 is the wiring diagram for recharging mode of a double-inlet equipment with two batteries 310 and 311 connected in parallel, using a battery switch 312, which is on open position for the recharging mode, illustrated in this figure, having two chargers 313 and 314 installed into the inlets 315 and 316. FIG. 50 is the wiring diagram in supplying mode of the same equipment presented in FIG. 49, having the battery switch 317 on closed position and the terminal 318. FIG. 51 is the wiring diagram for recharging mode of an equipment with four inlets, having four batteries 319, 320, 321 and 322 connected in parallel, using three battery switches 323, 324 and 325 which are on open position for the recharging mode, having four chargers 326, 327, 328 and 329 installed into the inlets 330, 331, 332 and 333. FIG. 52 is the wiring diagram in supplying mode of the same equipment presented in FIG. 51, having the battery switches 334, 335 and 336 on closed position and the terminal 337. FIG. 53 is the wiring diagram for recharging mode of a double-inlet equipment with two batteries 338 and 339 connected in series, using a battery changeover switch 340, which is on Bal position for the recharging mode, having two chargers 341 and 342 installed into the inlets 343 and 344. FIG. 54 is the wiring diagram in supplying mode of the same equipment presented in FIG. 53, having the battery changeover switch 345 on Bbl position and the terminal 346. FIG. 55 is the wiring diagram for recharging mode of an equipment with four inlets, having four batteries 347, 348, 349 and 350 connected in series, using three battery changeover switches 351, 352 and 353 which are on Ba1, Ba2 and Ba3 position for the recharging mode, having four chargers 354, 355, 356 and 357 installed into the inlets 358, 359, 360 and 361. FIG. 56 is the wiring diagram in supplying mode of the same equipment presented in FIG. 55, having the battery changeover switches 362, 363 and 364 on the Bb1, Bb2 and Bb3 position and the terminal 365.

In FIG. 57 to FIG. 61 are presented wiring diagrams of different embodiments for the equipments discussed here before, in recharging mode. In order to reduce cost, the switches and changeover switches may be standardized for a max of four batteries installed on each equipment, so a triple switch. For each application may be used one, two or all three of these battery switches. These battery switches are controlled by a plurality of command switches, one installed on each inlet of the equipment. The command switches are connected always in series, in order to activate the battery switches just when all the chargers are installed for recharging. In FIG. 57 is shown an equipment with two batteries 366 and 367, connected in parallel in the recharging mode via the contact switch SB1 of the battery switches 368, which is in open position in order to separate the two batteries circuits. The battery switche 368 is controlled by the two command switches 369 and 370 each one installed into each of the two inlets 371 and 372, being activated by each charger 373 and 374 when it is introduced into the inlet for battery recharging, by pushing in the plungers 375 and 376. The two command switches are connected in series, activating the electromagnet 377 of the battery switches 368, hich change the contact switches SB1, SB2 and SB3 on the open position, allowing in this way to separate the two circuits of the two batteries and connecting each one directely to its charger. When the charger is taken out, see FIG. 58, plungers 378 and 379 of the command switches 380 and 381 go out, dis activating the battery switches 382, which closes the contact switches SB1, SB2 and SB3, connecting in parallel the two batteries 381 and 382, which have a unique terminal 383 for supplying mode. FIG. 59 is the Detail D1 of FIG. 58 showing the command switch 384 of the battery switches dis activated for the battery supplying mode. The contact switch 385 is kept open, for the supplying mode of the battery, by the compression spring 386. On the opposite side of the contact switch 385, between the contact switch 385 and the plunger 387, there is another compression spring 388, stronger than the spring 385. The length of the spring 388 is in a such way that the contact switch 385 is on an open position when the plunger shoulder 389 is in contact with the surface 390 of the inlet 391 and the plunger tip is out, exceeding the surface 392 of the inlet 391. FIG. 60 is the Detail D2 of the FIG. 58, showing the command switch 393 activated for the battery recharging mode. By introducing the charger 394 into the inlet 395, the plunger 396 is pushed in, pushing the contact switch 397 on a close position, by compressing the spring 398. The spring 399 is compressed as well, this elastic element taking out the dimensional variation of the system, ensuring a good contact of the command switch 393. In FIG. 61 is shown an equipment with two batteries 400 and 401, connected in series in the recharging mode by the battery switch 402 having the contact switch 403 on the Bal position. The battery switches 402 are controlled by the two command switches 404 and 405 each one installed into each of the two inlets 406 and 407, being activated by each charger 408 and 409 when it is introduced into the inlet for battery recharging, by pushing in plungers 410 and 411. The two command switches are connected in series, activating the electromagnet 412 of the battery switches 402, which changes the contact switch 403 on the Bal position, allowing in this way to separate the two circuits of the two batteries and connecting each one to its charger. When the charger is taken out, see FIG. 62, plungers 413 and 414 of the command switches 415 and 416 go out, dis activating the battery switches 417, which change the contact switch 418 on the Bb1 position, connecting in series the two batteries 419 and 420, having a unique terminal 421, for supplying mode. In FIG. 63 is shown an equipment with four batteries 422, connected in parallel in the recharging mode by the contact switches SB1, SB2 and SB3 of the battery switches 423. The battery switches 423 are controlled by four command switches 424 each one installed into each of the four inlets 425, being activated by each charger 426 when it is introduced into the inlet for battery recharging, by pushing in each plunger 427. The four command switches are connected in series, activating the electromagnet 428 of the battery switches 423, which change the switches SB1, SB2 and SB3 on the open position, allowing in this way to separate the four circuits of the four batteries and connecting each one to its charger. When the chargers are taken out, see FIG. 64, each plunger 429 of each command switches 430 goes out, dis activating the battery switches 431, which closes the switches SB1, SB2 and SB3, connecting in parallel the four batteries 432, which have a unique terminal 433, for supplying mode. In FIG. 65 is shown an equipment with four batteries 434, connected in series in the recharging mode by the battery changeover switches 435 having the contact switches on the Ba1, Ba2 and Ba3 position. The battery switches 435 is controlled by four command switches 436 each one installed into each of the four inlets 437, being activated by each charger 438 when it is introduced into the inlet for battery recharging, by pushing in each of the plungers 439. The four command switches are connected in series, activating the electromagnet 440 of the battery switches 435, which changes the contact switches on the Ba1, Ba2 and Ba3 position, allowing in this way to separate the four circuits of the four batteries and connecting each one to its charger. When the chargers are taken out, see FIG. 66, the plungers 441 of each command switch 442 goes out, dis activating the battery changeover switches 443, which change the contact switches on the Bb1, Bb2 and Bb3, position, connecting in series the four batteries 444, having a unique terminal 445, for supplying mode. FIG. 67 is an isometric view of an inlet of an equipment with a single battery, so single inlet 446 without any plunger for the battery command switch, because in this case there is not necessary a such of battery switches. In FIG. 68 is presented the view A of the same inlet 447. In FIG. 69 is illustrated an assembly comprising the inlet 448 and the charger 449, for en equipment having a single battery, so a single inlet. In a partial section is shown in Detail D3, the engagement of an inlet contact with the charger outlet contact, presented, in FIG. 70. The inside diameter of a tubular metallic contact 450 of the inlet 451 creates an electric contact with the outside diameter of the tubular metallic contact 452 of the charger outlet 453. In order to avoid any accident, both metallic contacts are inside of an insulating material of the inlet 454 and of the charger outlet 455, when free (not inlet-outlet connection). This is the principle for all inlet—outlet contacts. FIG. 71 is the View A of an inlet 456 of a multi-inlet equipment, where can be seen the plunger 457 controlling the recharging process of the muli-battery equipment, by the command switch for the battery switches. FIG. 72 shows a charger 458 plugged in one of the multi-inlets 459 of a multi-battery equipment. It can be seen that the charger 458 pushes in the plunger 460 of the command switch for battery switches 461, activating in this way the battery switches and separating the electric circuits of each battery for the recharging mode. When the charger will be taken out, the plunger 460 it will be set free and the battery switches will establish again the contact between all batteries of the equipment, setting the battery equipment for the supplying mode.

In Table 2 are illustrated different types of power supply units taking into consideration the use and the type of recharging, for a primary inlet. The primary inlet is specific inlet for each use and type of recharging. There are two main categories of use: domestic and industrial. For the domestic use depending on the recharging time, there are three possibilities: fast, medium and slow recharging. For the industrial use there are: fast and regular recharging categories.

In FIG. 73 to FIG. 101 are presented the wiring diagrams for supplying and recharging mode, the embodiments of the primary inlet and their associated chargers and command switches for the same battery having 18 modules associated in 6 triplets. For the industrial fast use, in order to have enough power to achieve a great productivity, one of the best option for battery recharge is to use the 3 phase power supply units at 380V and about 50Kw. For the fast version, a short recharging time is obtained by connecting each triplet to one 3 phase power supply unit. In Table 2 for a simpler graphic representation is considered only a single type of battery, having the modules and the triplets connected in parallel, so a (6TP,3×6MP) battery. This doesn't reduce the grade of generalization, because the wiring diagrams for series connection, as discussed herein, are similar and are easy to be applied for any case. Therefore, in FIG. 73 is shown the wiring diagram of this kind of battery (6TP,3×6MP) in the supplying mode, which is the same for all the cases described in Table 2. As mentioned before, the battery has 6 triplets Ti (i=(1 to 6)), each triplet comprising three modules Mij (i=(1 to 6) and j=(1 to 3)). For each triplet Ti there are two module switches Sik (k=1,2) and one triplet switch TSg (g=(1 to 5)) all of them on a close position, realizing the mentioned connection. The battery 462 is connected to a primary inlet 463 having a positive (null) contact P and Nm (m=1 to 18)) negative contacts. The battery 462 has a unique terminal 464. In FIG. 74 to FIG. 81 are presented the wiring diagrams, the inlet and the charger for an industrial fast recharging station, using six AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units. The FIG. 74 is a wiring diagram of the recharging mode of the same (6TP,3×6MP) battery 465 presented in FIG. 73. As it was discussed before, the battery is connected to 6 power supply units PSUh (h=(1 to 6)) of AC three phase current, by the charger outlet 466, which is installed into the primary inlet 467, connected to the battery 465.

TABLE 2 Figure Number with Parallel connection Charger for modules and for triplets Number Active Wiring diagram Type of Type of PSU Code of PSU Contacts Command Use Recharging PSU AC#Ph, #V, #Kw per Stand Number Supplying Recharging Switches Industrial Fast 3 Phase AC3, 380 V, 50 Kw 6 18 FIG. 73 FIG. 74 FIG. 76 Regular 2 6 FIG. 82 FIG. 83 Domestic Fast 2 Phase AC2, 240 V, 7 Kw 3 6 FIG. 87 FIG. 88 1 1 FIG. 92 FIG. 93 Medium 2 Phase AC2, 240 V, 3.6 Kw 2 2 1 1 Slow Mono- AC1, 120 V, 2.7 Kw 3 3 phase 1 1 FIG. 97 FIG. 98 Figure Number with Parallel connection for modules and for triplets Equipment Charger Type of INLET OUTLET Contacts Preferred Use Recharging Contacts View Isometric Application Industrial Fast FIG. 78 & FIG. 80 FIG. 81 Electric FIG. 79 Vehicles Regular FIG. 84 FIG. 85 FIG. 86 Domestic Fast FIG. 89 FIG. 90 FIG. 91 Cordless FIG. 94 FIG. 95 FIG. 96 Tools, Medium Bikes, Slow Motor Cycles FIG. 99 FIG. 100 FIG. 101

All triplets switches Ti and module switches Sij are open, disconnecting the battery triplets and the battery modules from each other, in this way connecting each module to one phase of each power supply unit PSUh. It is necessary to connect one of the null (positive) terminal P of one power supply unit to the battery. In FIG. 75 is shown the Detail D4 of the FIG. 74, illustrating two triplets T1 and T2, with the 6 modules M11 to M23, the triplets switches TS₁ and TS2 and the module switches S11, S12, S21 and S22 all open, partial primary inlet 468, partial charger outlet 469 and two power supply units PSU1 and PSU2. The FIG. 76 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches 470, the modules switches 471 and the two command switches 472 (for triplets switches) and 473 (for modules switches). As can be seen, the charger 474, which is installed into the primary inlet 475, pushes the two plungers 476 and 477 of the command switches 472 and 473, activating the electromagnets 478, 479 and 480, which command the triplets switches 470 and the modules switches 471, disconnecting each module and triplet from each other, allowing the fast independent recharge of each module of the battery. The command switches 472 and 473 are similar with the command switches for battery switches described here before and shown in FIG. 60, which is the detail D2 of FIG. 59. FIG. 77 is a vertical cross section of the primary inlet 481 and the charger 482, in a plan passing through the plunger 483 of the command switch 484. It is seen the charger 482 installed into the primary inlet 481 pushing in the plunger 483 of the command switch 484. The FIG. 78 is an isometric view of the primary inlet 485, showing the positive (null) contact P, the Nm (m=1 to 18)) negative contacts and the ground contact G, as well as the two plungers 486 and 487, set free after the charger was taken out. The FIG. 79 is the View A of FIG. 78, showing the 20 contacts primary inlet 488 with all the 20 contacts P, G, Nm (m=(1 to 18)) and the plungers 489 and 490. FIG. 80 shows a view of the charger 491 with its contacts P, G and Nm (m=(1 to 18)), which fits with the 20 contacts primary inlet presented above. FIG. 81 is an isometric view of the charger 492, showing its special shape, handles and contacts.

In FIG. 82 to FIG. 86 are presented the wiring diagrams, the inlet and the charger for an industrial regular recharging station, using two AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units. In FIG. 82 is shown a wiring diagram of the recharging mode of the same (6TP,3×6MP) battery 493 presented in FIG. 73, using the same primary inlet 494 with Nm (m=1 to 18) contacts, the charger 495 and two power supply units of 380V and 50Kw, each. Each triplet Ti (i=1 to 6) of the battery 493 is connected with its negative terminal (−) to one (negative) phase of the two power supply units PSU1 and PSU2 and with its positive terminal (+) to the null terminal P of one of the power supply unit (in this case PSU1). The triplets are separated during the recharging by the triplet switches TSg (g=1 to 5), which have to stay open. Inside of each triplet, the three modules are connected in parallel by the module switches Sik. The FIG. 83 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches 496, the modules switches 497 and the two command switches 498 (for triplets switches) and 499 (for modules switches). As can be seen, the charger 500,which is installed into the 20 contacts primary inlet 501 pushes the plunger 502 of the command switch 498, activating the electromagnet 503, which command the triplets switches 496, disconnecting each triplet from each other, and allowing the fast independent recharge of each triplet of the battery. The module switches stay close (connecting each other the modules of each triplet), so the plunger 504 of the command switch 499 has to stay untouched by the charger outlet 505, when the charger 500 is installed. In order to do this, the charger outlet 505 is designed with a recess 506 to receive the plunger 504 without touching it. In this way the module switches 497 are no activated. The FIG. 84 shows the 20 contacts inlet 507 with its 8 active contacts P, G, N3, N6, N9, N12, N15 and N18. Also are shown the two plungers 508 for the command switches of modules and 509 for the command switches of triplets. FIG. 85 illustrates the charger 510 fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 84), having 8 active contacts P, G, N3, N6, N9, N12, N15 and N18, and the recess 511, to avoid the activation of the plunger of the command switch for modules switches. FIG. 86 is an isometric representation of the charger 512 fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 84), having 8 active contacts P, G, N3, N6, N9, N12, N15 and N18, and the recess 513, to avoid the activation of the plunger of the command switch for module switches.

In FIG. 87 to FIG. 91 are presented the wiring diagrams, the inlet and the charger for a domestic fast recharging station, using three AC2,240V,7Kw power supply units. In FIG. 87 is shown a wiring diagram of the recharging mode of the same (6TP,3×6MP) battery 514 presented in FIG. 73, using the same 20 contacts primary inlet 515 with P, G, and Nm (m=1 to 18) contacts, the same kind of charger 516 and three power supply units of two phase AC, 240V and 7Kw, each. The triplets Ti are separated each other by the triplets switches TS1 e (e=(1 to 5)) on the negative circuit and TS2 e (e=(1 to 5)) on the positive circuit. The battery 514 is divided into 3 groups, by the triplets switches TS12 & TS22, TS14 & TS24 kept open during the recharging time, each group contains two adjacent triplets. Each phase of the two phases PH1 h and PH2 h (h=1 to 3) of each power supply unit SPUh (h=1 to 3) is connected to one of the negative contacts of the primary inlet, N1, N6, N7, N12, N13, N18. Each contact N6, N12 and N18 of the phase 2, PH2 h of each power supply unit SPUh (h=(1 to 3)) is connected directly to the negative terminal of the last module M23, M43 and M63 of each group of the two triplets. Each contact N1, N7 and N13 of the phase 1 of each power supply unit SPUh (h=(1 to 3)) is connected to the positive terminal of each first module M11, M31 and M51 of each group of the two triplets via a changeover switch SPr (r=(1 to 3)), which is activated and it is on a_(r) position. Using these SPr changeover switches, allows also to recharge the battery on an industrial fast recharging station, when the changeover switches SPr are dis activated and they are on b_(r) position. All module switches and the triplet switches TS11, TS12, TS13, TS23, TS15 and TS25 remain closed. The FIG. 88 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches 517 and 518, the modules switches 519, the phase switches 520 the command switch 521 (for triplets switches 517), the command switch 522 (for triplets switches 518) the command switch 523 (for module switches 519) and the command switch 524 (for phase switches 520). As can be seen, the charger 525,which is installed into the 20 contacts primary inlet 526 pushes the plungers 527 and 258 of the command switch 518 and respective 520, activating the electromagnets 529 and 530. The electromagnet 529 commands the triplets switches 518, disconnecting each group of two triplets from each other, and allowing the independent recharge of each group of two triplets of the battery. The electromagnet 530 commands the phase switches 520 and changing the changeover switches on a_(r) position, connecting the phase 1 of each power supply unit to the positive terminal of each first module of each group of two triplets. The module switches 519 stay closed (connecting the modules of each triplet), so the plunger 531 of the command switch 523 has to stay untouched by the charger outlet 532, when the charger 525 is installed. In order to do this, the charger outlet 532 is designed with a recess 533 to receive the plunger 531 without touching it. In this way the module switches 519 are no activated. In similar situation are triplet switches 517, and the charger outlet 532 has another recess 534 in order to don't touch the plunger 535 of the command switch 521. The FIG. 89 shows the 20 contacts inlet 536 with its 7 active contacts G, PH11, PH12, PH12, PH22, PH13 and PH23. Also are shown the four plungers of the command switches as following: plunger 537 of the command switch for module switches, plunger 538 and plunger 539 of the command switches for triplets switches and plunger 540 of the command switch for phase switches. FIG. 90 illustrates the charger 541 fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 89), having 7 active contacts G, PH11, PH12, PH12, PH22, PH13 and PH23 and the two recesses 542 and 543. FIG. 91 is an isometric representation of the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 89), having 7 active contacts G, PH11, PH12, PH12, PH22, PH13 and PH23 and the recesses 544 and 545.

In FIG. 92 to FIG. 96 are presented the wiring diagrams, the inlet and the charger for a domestic fast recharging station, using a single AC2,240V,7Kw power supply unit. The FIG. 92 is a wiring diagram in the recharging mode of the same (6TP,3×6MP) battery 546 presented in FIG. 73. The battery is connected to a single AC2,240V,7Kw power supply unit PSU1 by the charger outlet 547, which is installed into the primary inlet 548, connected to the battery 546. All triplets switches TSi, module switches Sij are close, connecting the battery triplets and the battery modules each other, in this way connecting all modules to one single 2 phase supply unit PSU1. It is necessary to connect one phase PHI to the null (positive) terminal of the first module M11 via the inlet/outlet P contact of the primary 20 contact inlet 548 and the respective charger outlet 547. The second phase PH2 is connected to the negative terminal of the last module M63, via the inlet/outlet N18 contact of the primary 20 contact inlet 548 and the respective charger outlet 547. The FIG. 93 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches 549, the modules switches 550 and the two command switches 551 (for triplets switches) and 552 (for modules switches). As can be seen, the charger 553, which is installed into the primary 20 contact inlet 554 is designed with two recesses 555 and 556 in order to don't touch the two plungers 557 and 558 of the command switches 549 and 550, in this way keeping on all triplets and modules switches, so all triplets and modules interconnected. The FIG. 94 shows the 20 contacts inlet 559 with its 3 active contacts G, P for (PH1) and N18 for (PH2). Also are shown the two plungers of the command switches as following: plunger 560 of the command switch for module switches, and plunger 561 of the command switches for triplets switches. FIG. 95 illustrates the charger fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 94), having 3 active contacts G, P for (PH1) and N18 for (PH2) and the two recesses 562 and 563. FIG. 96 is an isometric representation of the charger 564 fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 94), having 3 active contacts G, P for (PH1) and N18 for (PH2) and the recesses 565 and 566.

In FIG. 97 to FIG. 101 are presented the wiring diagrams, the inlet and the charger for a domestic slow recharging station, using a single mono-phase AC1,120V,2.7Kw power supply unit. The FIG. 97 is a wiring diagram of the recharging mode of the same (6TP,3×6MP) battery 567 presented in FIG. 73. The battery is connected to a single AC1,120V,2.7Kw power supply unit PSU1 by the charger outlet 568, which is installed into the primary inlet 569, connected to the battery 567. All triplets switches TSi, module switches Sij are close, connecting the battery triplets and the battery modules each other, in this way connecting all modules to one single mono-phase supply unit PSU1. It is necessary to connect the null (positive) terminal of the power supply unit PSU1 to the null (positive) terminal of the first module M11 via the inlet/outlet P contact of the primary 20 contact inlet 569 and the respective charger outlet 568. The phase PH1 is connected to the negative terminal of the last module M63, via the inlet/outlet N18 contact of the primary 20 contact inlet 569 and the respective charger outlet 568. The FIG. 98 is a recharging mode wiring diagram of an embodiment of the triplets switches 570, the modules switches 571and the two command switches 572 (for triplets switches) and 573 (for modules switches). As can be seen, the charger 574,which is installed into the primary 20 contact inlet 575 is designed with two recesses 576 and 577 in order to don't touch the two plungers 578 and 579 of the command switches 572 and 573, in this way keeping on all triplets and modules switches, so all triplets and modules interconnected. The FIG. 99 shows the 20 contacts inlet 580 with its 3 active contacts G, P for null and N18 for (PH1). Also are shown the two plungers of the command switches as following: the plunger 581 of the command switches for triplets switches, and the plunger 582 of the command switch for module switches. FIG. 100 illustrates the charger 583 fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 99), having 3 active contacts G, P for null and N18 for (PH1) and the two recesses 584 and 585. FIG. 101 is an isometric representation of the charger 586 fitting with the 20 contacts inlet (shown in FIG. 99), having 3 active contacts G, P for null and N18 for (PH1) and the recesses 587 and 588.

Up to here, for easy understanding, it was presented for the same (6TP,3×6MP) battery shown in FIG. 73 different versions of embodiments adapted to different kind of recharging stations. This design is good to use especially for cordless tools, bikes and motor cycles batteries, where each equipment may have its own design for the recharging station and for each other component of the system. Instead, for the electric vehicles, is absolutely necessary to be able to recharge the vehicle battery on any kind of recharging station, for industrial or for domestic use, not like the actual situation, when each automaker has its specific vehicle inlet and its specific charger outlet. This situation is not acceptable anymore when the number of electric vehicles increases. Therefore, for all electric vehicles (including trucks and buses) the vehicle inlet has to be designed as a universal vehicle inlet, capable to be connected to any recharging station, which has its special charger outlet, adapted to the type and number of power supply units used. In Table 3 are presented different embodiments for the battery recharging system, all of them using a unique universal vehicle inlet. This unique universal vehicle inlet is capable to support any battery configuration discussed herein, including mono and multi-inlet vehicles (having one or a plurality of batteries installed on the vehicle, which may be recharged simultaneously), recharged to an industrial or domestic recharging station. The universal vehicle inlet is a multi-contact inlet, having a plurality of contacts, and a plurality of command switches, which control the plurality of the module switches, the triplets switches, the battery switches and the phase switches. As example, is taken the 20 contacts universal vehicle inlet 589, shown in FIG. 102, having: one ground contact G, one null contact P and 18 phase contacts N1, N2 to N18, as well as the command switches 590 and 591 for triplets switches, command switches 592 for modules switches, command switches 593 for phase switches and command switches 594 for battery switches. Starting from this configuration, each manufacturer may use all these switches and command switches or just part of them, depending of the actual configuration of the batteries of each electric vehicle model. Therefore, it is not mandatory to use all these contacts. In this document, an active contact of the vehicle inlet will be drawn with a thicker line and the non active contact (void of metallic contact) will be drawn with a thinner line. In FIG. 102 all 20 contacts are active. For all the examples of Table 3 is considered an electric vehicle with two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries (the same as the battery used in Table 2) connected in parallel, each one of them having a universal vehicle inlet. In FIG. 103 is illustrated a wiring diagram for supplying mode of an electric vehicle battery 595, composed by two (6TP,3×6MP) batteries 596 and 597, connected in parallel by the switch SB1, which is on close position, having a unique supplying terminal 598. Each battery 596 and 597 is an assemble of triplets, modules and a plurality of switches and changeover switches, having a universal vehicle inlet 599 respective 600. FIG. 104 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery 601, composed by two battery assemblies 602 and 603, each of them comprising a (6TP,3×6MP) battery 604/605 connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet 606/607, using each of them a 20 contacts adequate charger 608/609 of an industrial fast recharging station with six AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units SPUh (h=(1 to 6)). The battery switche SB1 is on open position in order to separate the two battery assemblies.

TABLE 3 Active Contacts Number Number Number of Type of Type of PSU Code of PSU per INLETS per Use Recharging PSU AC#Ph, #V, #Kw per Stand Charger vehicle Industrial Fast 3 Phase AC3, 380 V, 50 Kw 6 20 2 Regular 2 8 2 Domestic Fast 2 Phase AC2, 240 V, 7 Kw 3 8 2 1 3 2 Medium 2 Phase AC2, 240 V, 3.6 Kw 2 4 2 1 3 2 Figure Number with Parallel connection for modules and for triplets for a universal vehicle inlet Universal Type of Wiring diagram vehicle Charger Recharg- Recharg- Command INLET OUTLET Preferred Use ing Supplying ing Switches Contacts Contacts Application Industrial Fast FIG. 103 FIG. 104 FIG. 105 FIG. 102 FIG. 106 Electric Regular FIG. 107 FIG. 108 FIG. 109 FIG. 110 Vehicles Domestic Fast FIG. 111 FIG. 112 FIG. 113 FIG. 114 FIG. 115 FIG. 116 FIG. 117 FIG. 118 Medium

The FIG. 105 shows the wiring diagram for the recharging mode of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries described in FIG. 104, where are illustrated the triplets switches 610 and 611, with their command switches 612 and 613, the module switch 614 with their command switch 615, the battery switches 616 with their command switch 617 and the phase switches 618 with their command switch 619. All command switches are mounted on the universal vehicle inlet 620, which receives the charger outlet 621 when the charger 622 is installed into the vehicle inlet 620. As can be seen, for this particular case, only the command switch for phase switches is not activated when the charger is pushed in. In FIG. 106 is shown the charger 623 with its contacts G, P, N1, N2 to N18 all active, and the recess 624 protecting the command switch for the phase switches. FIG. 107 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery 625, composed by two battery assemblies 626 and 627, each of them comprising a (6TP,3×6MP) battery 628/629 connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet 630/631, using each of them a 20 contacts adequate charger 632/633 of an industrial regular recharging station with two AC3,380V,50Kw power supply units SPU1 and SPU2. The battery switches SB1 is on open position in order to separate the two battery assemblies. The FIG. 108 shows the wiring diagram of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries described in FIG. 107 for the recharging mode, where are illustrated the triplets switches 634 and 635, with their command switches 636 and 637, the module switches 638 with their command switch 639, the battery switches 640 with their command switch 641 and the phase switches 642 with their command switch 643. All command switches are mounted on the universal vehicle inlet 644, which receives the charger outlet 645 when the charger 646 is installed into the vehicle inlet 644. As can be seen, for this particular case, when the charger is pushed in, are activated the command switch for triplets switch 634 and command switch for battery switches 642 and are not activated the command switch for triplets 635, command switch for module switches 638 and the command switch for phase switches 642. In this particular case, the charger outlet 645 has three recesses 637, 639 and 643, in order to not touch respective command switches. In FIG. 109 is presented the universal vehicle inlet 647 having active only the contacts G, P, N3, N6, N9, N12, N15 and N18. All the rest are not active (they are not connected to any electric circuit of the battery assembly). It can be seen the plunger of each command switch of triplet switches 648 and 649, of the module switches 650, of the phase switches 651 and of the battery switches 652. In FIG. 110 is shown the charger 653 with its active contacts G, P, N3, N6, N9, N12, N15 and N18 and the three recesses 654, 655 and 656 protecting the command switch for one of the triplet switches, for the module switches and for the phase switches. FIG. 111 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery 657, composed by two battery assemblies 658 and 659, each of them comprising a (6TP,3×6MP) battery 660/661 connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet 662/663, using each of them a 20 contacts adequate charger 664/665 of a domestic fast recharging station with three AC2,240V,7Kw power supply units SPU1, SPU2 and SPU3. The battery switches SB1 is on open position in order to separate the two battery assemblies. The FIG. 112 shows the wiring diagram of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries described in FIG. 111 for the recharging mode, where are illustrated the triplets switches 666 and, 667 with their command switches 668 and 669, the module switches 670 with their command switch 671, the battery switches 672 with their command switch 673 and the phase switches 674 with their command switch 675. All command switches are mounted on the universal vehicle inlet 676, which receives the charger outlet 677 when the charger 678 is installed into the vehicle inlet 676. As can be seen, for this particular case, when the charger is pushed in, are activated the command switch for triplets switch 667, command switch for battery switches 672 and the command switches for the phase switches 674, but, are not activated the command switch for triplets 666 and the command switch for module switches 670. In this particular case, the charger outlet 677 has two recesses 678 and 679, in order to not touch respective command switches. In FIG. 113 is presented the universal vehicle inlet 680 having active only the contacts G, PH11, PH21, PH12, PH22, PH13 and PH23. All the rest are not active (they are not connected to any electric circuit of the battery assembly). It can be seen the plunger of each command switch of triplet switches 681 and 682, of the module switches 683, of the phase switches 684 and of the battery switches 685. In FIG. 114 is shown the charger 686 with its active contacts G, PH11, PH21, PH12, PH22, PH13 and PH23 and the two recesses 687 and 688 protecting the command switch for one of the triplet switches and for the module switches. FIG. 115 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery 689, composed by two battery assemblies 690 and 691, each of them comprising a (6TP,3×6MP) battery 692/693 connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet 694/695, using each of them a 20 contacts adequate charger 696/697 of a domestic fast recharging station with one single AC2,240V,7Kw power supply unit SPU1. The battery switches SB1 is on open position in order to separate the two battery assemblies. The FIG. 116 shows the wiring diagram of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries described in FIG. 115 for the recharging mode, where are illustrated the triplets switches 698 and 699, with their command switches 700 and 701, the module switches 702 with their command switch 703, the battery switches 704 with their command switch 705 and the phase switches 706 with their command switch 707. All command switches are mounted on the universal vehicle inlet 708, which receives the charger outlet 709 when the charger 710 is installed into the vehicle inlet 708. As can be seen, for this particular case, when the charger is pushed in, are activated the command switch for battery switches 704 and the command switches for the phase switches 706, but, are not activated the command switch for triplets 698 and 699 and the command switch for module switches 702. In this particular case, the charger outlet 709 has three recesses 711, 712 and 713, in order to not touch respective command switches. In FIG. 117 is presented the universal vehicle inlet 714 having active only the contacts G, PH1 and PH2. All the rest are not active (they are not connected to any electric circuit of the battery assembly). It can be seen the plunger of each command switch of triplet switches 715 and 716, of the command switch of the module switches 717, of the command switch of the phase switches 718 and of the command switch of the battery switches 719. In FIG. 118 is shown the charger 720 with its active contacts G, PH1 and PH2 and the three recesses 721, 722 and 723 protecting the command switch for both triplet switches and for the module switches. FIG. 119 shows a wiring diagram for recharging mode of an electric vehicle battery 724, composed by two battery assemblies 725 and 726, each of them comprising a (6TP,3×6MP) battery 727/728 connected in parallel, each battery having a universal 20 contacts vehicle inlet 729/730, using each of them a 20 contacts adequate charger 731/732 of a domestic slow recharging station with one single AC1,120V,2.7Kw power supply unit SPU1. The battery switches SB1 is on open position in order to separate the two battery assemblies. The FIG. 120 shows the wiring diagram of an embodiment of the assemble of batteries described in FIG.119 for the recharging mode, where are illustrated the triplets switches 733 and 734, with their command switches 735 and 736, the module switches 737 with their command switch 738, the battery switches 739 with their command switch 740 and the phase switches 741 with their command switch 742. All command switches are mounted on the universal vehicle inlet 743, which receives the charger outlet 744 when the charger is installed into the vehicle inlet 743. As can be seen, for this particular case, when the charger is pushed in, are activated only the command switch for battery switches 739, but, are not activated the command switch for triplets switches 733, and 734, the command switch for phase switches 741 and the command switch for module switches 737. In this particular case, the charger outlet 744 has four recesses 745, 746, 747 and 748, in order to not touch respective command switches. In FIG. 121 is presented the universal vehicle inlet 749 having active only the contacts G, P and PH1. All the rest are not active (they are not connected to any electric circuit of the battery assembly). It can be seen the plunger of each command switch of triplet switches 750 and 751, of the module switches 752, of the phase switches 753 and of the battery switches 754. In FIG. 122 is shown the charger with its active contacts G, P and PHI and the four recesses 755, 756, 757 and 758 protecting the command switch for both triplet switches, for phase switches and for the module switches. Only the battery switches will be activated.

In Table 4 is presented a variety of type of batteries having a different number of modules (12, 15 and 18), connected in parallel or series. For each version is shown the type and number of switches for triplets and for modules. As can be seen the invention allows a huge variety of solutions and for each embodiment there is the possibility to use the universal vehicle inlet in order to remove all the actual barriers, making possible the generalization of the electric transportation. For domestic use, the slow battery recharging equipment is like in FIG. 123, where the charger 759 is connected to the power supply unit 760, plugged in by an electric plug 761 into a 120V outlet 762. In order to recharge simultaneously a vehicle having two inlets, two chargers like described in FIG. 123 may be used, plugging in the two plugs of the recharging station in a double 120V outlet like shown in FIG. 124. In FIG. 125 is presented a fast battery recharging equipment, where the charger 763 is connected to a power supply unit 764, which supplies 240V at 7 Kw being connected by the plug 765 to an AC 2 phase 240V outlet 766. In order to fast recharge simultaneously a vehicle having two inlets, two chargers like described in FIG. 125 may be used, plugging in the two plugs in a double outlet like shown in FIG. 126.

TABLE 4 Type of Battery per INLET Triplets Modules Modules Triplets Switches Total Switches Code Number Series Parallel Number Type Number Series Parallel Number Type (6TS, 3×6MS) 6 6 5 Changeover 18 3 × 6 2 × 6 Changeover (6TS, 3×6MP) 3 × 6 2 × 6 Ordinary (6TP, 3×6MS) 6 5 Ordinary 3 × 6 2 × 6 Changeover (6TP, 3×6MP) 3 × 6 2 × 6 Ordinary (6TP, 3×3MS 3×3MP) 3 × 3 3 × 3 2 × 3 Changeover 2 × 3 Ordinary (3TS 3TP, 3×6MS) 3 3 3 Changeover 3 × 6 2 × 6 Changeover 2 Ordinary (3TS 3TP, 3×6MP) 3 Changeover 3 × 6 2 × 6 Ordinary 2 Ordinary (3TS 3TP, 3×3MS 3×3MP) 3 Changeover 3 × 3 2 × 3 Changeover 2 Ordinary 3 × 3 2 × 3 Ordinary (5TS, 3×5MS) 5 5 4 Changeover 15 3 × 5 2 × 5 Changeover (5TS, 3×5MP) 5 4 Ordinary 3 × 5 2 × 5 Ordinary (4TS, 3×4MS) 4 4 3 Changeover 12 3 × 4 2 × 4 Changeover (4TP, 3×4MP) 4 3 Ordinary 3 × 4 2 × 4 Ordinary (2TS 2TP, 3×2MS 3×2MP) 2 2 Changeover 3 × 2 2 × 4 Changeover 2 1 Ordinary 3 × 2 2 × 4 Ordinary

Depending on the size of the equipment and on the type of the battery (on-board or off-board), there are two options to design the battery recharging system: integrated and non-integrated system. The battery recharging systems presented in Table 1 to Table 4 are on-board non-integrated design, each component is detached one another, being connected by cables. This design is more appropriated for the electric vehicles and large equipments. For small size equipments, like cordless tools, bikes, etc., the off board integrated version is the best option.

In FIG. 127 to FIG. 138 are illustrated embodiments of integrated battery recharging system for small battery applications, like bikes and cordless tools. In these applications, the power supply units are plug into a multi-contact electrical bar like in FIG. 127 and FIG. 128 (767/768, for four/six AC 1phase 120V units) or like in FIG. 129 (769, for four AC 2 phase 240V units). In FIG. 130 is shown an embodiment of the integrated battery recharging system ensemble 770 in recharging mode, for four AC 1phase 120V units, connected to a four contacts electrical bar 771, comprising the battery assembly 772, connected to the integrated recharging station 773, which includes a recharging contact plate 774, the four power supply units 775 and the power station inlet 776. FIG. 131 is the power station inlet view, showing the null plug 777, the four negative plugs 778 of the four power units 779 and the two ground plugs 780/781, (only 780 plug being active, another one 781being just a guide plug helping the inlet installation), fitting with the outlet of the four contacts electrical bar. FIG. 132 shows the integrated recharging station 782 with its recharging contact plate 783, having four pairs of elastic contacts 784 and the battery attaching elements 785, the four power supply units assembly 786 with its inlet 787. It is shown also the null plug 788, the four negative plugs 789 and the ground plug 790 and the guide plug 791. All these components are integrated by a recharging station box 792. FIG. 133 shows the battery assembly 793, comprising the four modules 794, the four pairs of electrical contacts 795, the attaching elements 796 and the battery box 797. FIG. 134 shows the embodiment of the battery assembly in supplying mode, where the battery assembly 798 is attached to the equipment 799 via the attaching system 800 and the supplying contact plate 801. FIG. 135 shows an embodiment of an equipment 802 integrated with a supplying contact plate 803. On the supplying contact plate 803 are illustrated the elastic contacts 804 and the battery attachment element 805. In FIG. 136 is shown an embodiment of the integrated battery recharging system ensemble 806 in recharging mode, for six AC 1phase 120V units, connected to a six contacts electrical bar 807, via the integrated supplying station 808. In FIG. 137 is shown an embodiment of the integrated battery recharging system ensemble 809 in recharging mode, for four AC 2 phase 240V units, connected to a four contacts electrical bar 810, comprising the battery assembly 811, connected to the integrated recharging station 812, which includes a recharging contact plate 813, the four power supply units 814, and the power station inlet 815, all integrated by the power station box 816. The power station inlet 810 comprises the four pairs of plugs 817/818 for phase 1 and for phase 2, of the four power units and the two ground plugs 819/820, (only 819 plug being active, another one 820 being just a guide plug helping the inlet installation), fitting with the outlet of the four contacts electrical bar for AC 2 phase 240V power supply units. FIG. 138 is a view of the power station inlet 821, showing the four pairs of plugs 822/823 for phase 1 and for phase 2, of the four AC 2 phase 240V power units, the ground contact 824 and the guiding pin 825.

In FIG. 139 to FIG. 143 are illustrated the wiring diagrams of the embodiments of integrated battery recharging system for small battery applications, described here above. FIG. 139 is a wiring diagram of a four modules off-board battery assembly 826, recharged as illustrated in FIG. 130, connected in parallel, shown in recharging mode, using a recharging contact plate 827, four power supply units 828, having an inlet 829 fitting into a four contacts electrical bar. In the recharging mode, each module is connected directly to a AC 1phase 120V power supply unit, using a single null plug 830 and four negative plugs 831. As can be seen, all four modules ML1, M L2, ML3 and ML4 with their terminals are integrated in a single piece 826, by a battery box. The contact plate 827, the four power supply units 828 and the inlet 829 are integrated into a single piece by a power station box. FIG. 140 shows the four modules off-board battery assembly 832, in supplying mode, being connected in parallel and connected to the equipment 833 via a supplying contact plate 834. FIG. 141 shows the four modules off-board battery assembly 835, in supplying mode, being connected in series and connected to the equipment 836 via a supplying contact plate 837. FIG.142 is a wiring diagram of a six modules off-board battery assembly 838, recharged as illustrated in FIG. 130, connected in parallel, shown in recharging mode, using a recharging contact plate 839, six power supply units 840, having an inlet 841 fitting into a six contacts electrical bar. In the recharging mode, each module is connected directly to a AC 1phase 120V power supply unit, using a single null plug 842 and six negative plugs 843. As can be seen, all six modules MD1, MD2, MD3, MD4, MD5 and MD6 with their terminals 844 are integrated in a single piece 838, by a battery box. The contact plate 839, the six power supply units 840 and the inlet 841 are integrated into a single piece by a power station box. FIG. 143 shows the six modules off-board battery assembly 845, in supplying mode, being connected in series and connected to the equipment 846 via a supplying contact plate 847.

In conclusion the advantage of this invention is the fact that it gives the possibility to reduce the recharging time in any proportion making possible to have autonomous and user friendly electric vehicles, comparable to the actual IC vehicles. By using a plurality of power supply units for each recharging station, the cost of recharging stations drops ones by eliminating a good number of recharging posts and twice by drastic reduction of the land surface occupied by one station serving the same number of the vehicle per day. Introducing a universal battery inlet gives to all manufacturers the opportunity to develop their own battery assembly, the best for their specific requirements, without any limitation on the battery recharging equipment—industrial and/or domestic. Also, the universal battery inlet opens the door of the battery recharging equipment standardization, reducing drastically the cost of this equipment and making the battery recharging process user friendly. Another advantage of the invention consists in the fact that this principle may be apply very easy to both new and old electric vehicles. In order to reach the unlimited millage for the electric vehicles, by using the principle described herein for the batteries and for the recharging stations, this very performant equipment consisting in a plurality of power supply units with three phase AC having the voltage up to 500 V and the power up to 50 KW, the target of less than 3 minutes per battery recharge time for an autonomy of about 400 km is possible to achieve. At that moment, the electric vehicles conquer the world.

This principle and design may be used for on-board and for off-board battery recharging as discussed here above, in any technical field, especially where a short battery recharging time is required. For example: for electric vehicles, for electric golf cars, for electric bikes, for electric motorcycles, for all cordless tools and equipment, etc.

Although the above description relates to specific preferred embodiments as preferred embodiment as presently contemplated by the inventor, it will be understood that the invention in its broad aspect includes mechanical and functional equivalents of the elements described and illustrated, which are within its spirit and scope as defined by the appended claims. 

I claim:
 1. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments comprising: a consumer; means to store and deliver electric energy by a charging and discharging process; a battery system capable to support the said charging and discharging process; means to transform the grid electricity to the required parameters for said charging process; a plurality of recharging stands; means to connect the components of the said battery system; means to control the current circuits of the said components; means to measure and display the current parameters of the recharging batteries; means to control the battery out-put parameters (% of battery charge);
 2. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 1, wherein the said means to transform the grid electricity to the required parameters for said charging process comprise: a plurality of power stations; a power station room; a plurality of power supply units; a plurality of connectors.
 3. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 2, wherein the said power stations transform the grid electricity of one phase 120V AC to DC.
 4. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 2, wherein the said power stations transform the grid electricity of one phase 240V AC to DC.
 5. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 2, wherein the said power stations transform the grid electricity of three phase 380V AC to three phase AC having up to 500V and up to 50KW.
 6. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 2, wherein the said power supply units transform the DC received from the said power station to new DC parameters.
 7. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 2, wherein the said power supply units transform the 1 phase AC received from the said power station to new 1 Phase AC parameters.
 8. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 2, wherein the said power supply units transform the 2 phase AC received from the said power station to new 2 Phase AC parameters.
 9. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 2, wherein the said power supply units transform the three phase AC received from the said power station to three phase AC having new parameters.
 10. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 1, wherein the said means to store and deliver electric energy by a charging and discharging process comprises a rechargeable battery assembly.
 11. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 10, wherein the said rechargeable battery assembly is on-board recharged permanent attached battery assembly.
 12. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 11 wherein the said on-board recharged permanent attached battery assembly comprises: a plurality of permanent attached battery modules; one positive supply terminal; one negative supply terminal; a battery box; a plurality of modules connectors; means to control the recharging and the supplying battery mode; means to set the discharge current parameters; means to permanently attach the said battery assembly to the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 13. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 12, wherein the said permanent attached battery modules comprise: a plurality of battery cells; one positive module terminal; one negative module terminal; a plurality of battery cells connectors; a battery module box; permanent attaching means for said modules.
 14. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 12, wherein the said means to control the recharging and supplying battery mode comprise: a plurality of switches; a plurality of command switches for the said switches; a plurality of changeover switches; a plurality of command switches for the said changeover switches; a plurality of connectors.
 15. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 10, wherein the said rechargeable battery assembly is an on-board recharged removable battery assembly.
 16. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 15 wherein the said on-board recharged removable battery assembly comprises: a plurality of removable battery modules; a plurality of battery boxes for the said removable battery modules; a contact plate capable to connect the said plurality of removable battery modules in recharging mode and in supplying mode; means to clamp and unclamp the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said contact plate; means to control the recharging battery mode; means to control the supplying battery mode; means to set the discharge current parameters; means to permanently attach the said battery assembly to the the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 17. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 16, wherein the said removable battery modules comprise: a plurality of battery cells; one positive module external terminal; one negative module external terminal; a plurality of battery cells connectors; a battery module box; inter-modules permanent attaching means.
 18. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 16, wherein the said contact plate is a recharging and supplying contact plate comprising: a plurality of elastic contacts, which are in touch with each of the said battery modules external terminals; one positive output terminal used in supplying mode; one negative output terminal used in supplying mode; a plurality of input terminals, which are connected to the plurality of the said power supply units; internal connectors capable to connect the said elastic contacts to the said input terminals via the said means to control the recharging battery mode; internal connectors capable to connect the said elastic contacts to the said positive output terminal and to the said negative output terminal via means to control supplying battery mode; means to align the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said contact plate; a contact plate box; means to permanently attach the said contact plate to the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 19. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 10, wherein the said rechargeable battery assembly is off-board recharged removable battery assembly.
 20. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 19 wherein the said off-board recharged removable battery assembly comprises: a plurality of removable battery modules; a plurality of battery boxes for the said battery modules; a recharging contact plate installed off-board, capable to connect the said plurality of removable battery modules in recharging mode to the said power supply units; a supplying contact plate installed on-board, capable to connect the said plurality of removable battery modules in supplying mode to the consumer; means to clamp and unclamp the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said recharging contact plate; means to clamp and unclamp the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said supplying contact plate; means to set the discharge current parameters; means to permanently attach the said battery assembly to the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 21. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 20 wherein the said recharging contact plate installed off-board comprises: a plurality of elastic contacts, which are in touch with each of the said battery modules external terminals; a plurality of input terminals, which are connected to the plurality of the said power supply units; internal connectors capable to connect the said elastic contacts to the said input terminals during the battery recharging time; means to align the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said recharging contact plate; a contact plate box; means to clamp and unclamp the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said recharging contact plate; means to permanently attach the said recharging contact plate to the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 22. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 20 wherein the said supplying contact plate installed on-board comprises: a plurality of elastic contacts, which are in touch with each of the said battery modules external terminals; one positive output terminal used in supplying mode; one negative output terminal used in supplying mode; internal connectors capable to connect the said elastic contacts to the said positive output terminal and to the said negative output terminal during the battery supplying time; means to align the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said supplying contact plate; a contact plate box; means to clamp and unclamp the said plurality of removable battery modules to the said supplying contact plate; means to permanently attach the said supplying contact plate to the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 23. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 1, wherein the said means to connect the components of the said battery system comprise means to connect the components of the battery system in on-board battery recharge configuration.
 24. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 23, wherein the said means to connect the components of the battery system in on-board battery recharge configuration comprise: a plurality of battery chargers; a plurality of inlets; a plurality of mode switches used to switch from battery recharging mode to the battery supplying mode; a plurality of ordinary connectors.
 25. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 24, wherein the said battery chargers comprise: a charging plug-in coupler male connector, which fits with the said inlets; a plurality of cables connecting the said charging plug-in coupler male connector to the said power supply units; a plurality of active contacts in equal number with the negative outputs of the said power supply units connected to the same said battery charger; a positive terminal; a protective earth terminal; a plurality of recesses on the said charging plug-in coupler male connector in order to avoid the activation of the said command switches for the said switches and of the said command switches for the said changeover switches mounted on the said inlets; a handle for the said battery charger maneuverings; mistake-proof means; means to attach the said battery charger to the said charging stands.
 26. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 24, wherein the said inlets are primary inlets, comprising: a plurality of socket female connector inlet, which fits with the said charging plug-in coupler male connector of the said battery charger; a plurality of contacts having a number equal to the number of the battery inputs; a positive terminal fitting with the said positive terminal of the said battery charger; a protective earth terminal fitting with the said protective earth terminal of the said battery charger; attaching means; a plurality of command switches requested by the actual configuration of the battery of each model; means to attach the said command switches to the said inlet; means to attach the said inlets to the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 27. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 24, wherein the said inlets are universal inlets, comprising: a plurality of socket female connector inlet, which fits with the said charging plug-in coupler male connector of the said battery charger; a plurality of contacts having a number equal to the maximum number of the negative terminals of the power supply units of the most performant industrial fast recharging station in the industry at the time; a positive terminal fitting with the said positive terminal of the said battery charger; a protective earth terminal fitting with the said protective earth terminal of the said battery charger; attaching means; a plurality of mechanical command switches installed on the said inlet, which may be activated by the said charger when is pushed in for battery charging, via a plunger, or may not be activated by the said charger when is pushed in for battery recharging if the said charger has a said recess in the location in front of the said plunger; means to attach the said command switches to the said inlet; means to attach the said inlets to the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments.
 28. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 1, wherein each of the said plurality of recharging stands, comprises: a plurality of stand cases; a plurality of supply units; a plurality of said battery chargers; a plurality of charger posts, one for each of the said plurality of said battery chargers; charger attaching means; a plurality of screens used to display information; a plurality of electric connectors.
 29. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments An on board rcchargcd rcmovablc battcry asscmbly described in claim 16, wherein the said on-board recharged removable battery assembly is used for any kind of electric vehicles.
 30. An on-board recharged removable battery assembly described in claim 16, wherein the said on-board recharged removable battery assembly is used for electric bicycles.
 31. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 19, wherein the said off-board recharged removable battery assembly is used for bicycles.
 32. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for the said electric vehicles/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 19, wherein the said off-board recharged removable battery assembly is used for cordless tools.
 33. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for electric bikes/cordless tools/equipments, designed in integrated version comprising just two pieces: an integrated power station; an integrated off-board recharged removable battery assembly.
 34. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for electric bikes/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 33, wherein the said integrated power station comprises: an inlet adapted to be connected to a multi-contacts electrical bar; a plurality of integrated power supply units; an integrated recharging contact plate; quick attaching means for the said the said integrated power station to the said integrated off-board recharged removable battery assembly.
 35. A fast rechargeable battery assembly and recharging equipment for electric bikes/cordless tools/equipments described in claim 33, wherein the said integrated off-board recharged removable battery assembly comprises: an integrated battery assembly; an integrated supplying contact plate; quick attaching means for the said integrated off-board recharged removable battery assembly to the said integrated power station. 